MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE
VINNYTSYA NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
ÂIÑÍÈÊ ÂIÍÍÈÖÜÊÎÃÎ ÏÎËIÒÅÕÍI×ÍÎÃÎ IÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÓ
SCIENCE JOURNAL
Founded in 1993
Periodicity 6 once an year
2005
CONTENTS
AUTOMATION AND INFORMATION-MEASURING EQUIPMENT
In design of subsystems of management ICS there is a problem of synthesis of ICS control system, which will provide optimum sharing of operations on parallel and serial. For the solution of a task the cost function is introduced, it is received on a basis of the operation model as a criterion of optimality. The offered approach allows to realize the optimization of ICS in conditions of combined stochastic and fuzzy uncertainty on the base of algorithmic model.
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Mathematical model and algorithms of estimation of human acupuncture activity on the basis of informative parameters of biologically - active points is offered. It is shown, that taking into account real features of change of these points parameters allows to provide more adequate diagnosing of human being state of health.
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The problem of gas pollution of residencial buildings as well as the mechanism of harmful substance emission are considered in the papers. The characteristic of existing gas-analysing equipment is given. Structural diagram and algorithm of gas-analyzing system operation are suggested.
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The possibility of the application of Fisher discriminant procedure and generalized method of moments for control of pulse changes of stochastic differential systems parametric values is considered.
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The methods of synthesis of mass exchange networks are considered. The mass exchange network is developed for purification of gas stream from pollutant comprising three harmful substances (NOx, CO2, HCl). Software is created to optimize this process, that is to determine minimum amount of absorbers, Pinch-point and optimum process parameters.
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The problem dealing with optimum distribution of load between boiler in accordance with criterion of total expenses, first of all-fuel is considered. Non convexity and nonstationarity of generalized production functions of boilers is taken into account. Method of optimum aggregating of production functions is applied, that enables to calculate optimum load distribution for systems of high dimensionality with arbitrary production functions. Examples are considered.
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The variation task of optimum development of the technical system with additive criterion and limitations due to the use of principle of optimum and method of optimum aggregating is reduced to the sequence of single dimension tasks of optimization, that allowed to use «faultless» method of optimization on the base of linear search. The program system is developed, that is able to operate in conditions of arbitrary functions of development. Examples, are considered
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New approach to the control of purity of a liquid is offered by means of definition of superficial tension. The structural scheme of the device and experimental plant for definition of a superficial tension are developed. Research for which distilled, tap water, river water and different concentrations of solution NaCl were used are carried out. As a result of experiment geometrical parameters of meniscuses of researched liquids and electrostatic intensity on which value of a superficial tension of a liquid has been calculated are obtained.
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The matrix reliability analysis of the electric power schemes allows to consider the generalized characteristic of the equivalent power source as base element of correlations full matrix. Due to this, the mathematical model of reliability of the block diagram can be presented as a principle of enclosed matrixes, which reveals correlations between separate units of full matrix of reliability of the scheme.
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The next revolution in the 21st century will be caused by combination of cheap optical sensors, microprocessors and lasers, which are the basis of optoelectronic measuring systems. A wide range of photodetectors including PSD, one- and two-dimensional CCD and CMOS imagers, being applied in that sort of systems, are considered in the article.
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A microprocessor measuring converter of turning angle and angular velocity on the basis of spatial modulation is considered in the article. A conversion function for turning angle and angular velocity are derived.
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Research of dielectric liquid in electrostatic field is carried out. The new approach of the control of purity of a liquid is offered by definition of superficial tension. The structural scheme of the device and experimental plant for definition of superficial tension are developed. Researches for which distilled water and different concentration of solution NaCl and ethyl alcohol were used are carried out. As a result of carrying out of experiment geometrical parameters of meniscuses of researched liquids and electrostatic intensity on which value of a superficial tension of a liquid has been calculated are received.
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The paper describes a new engineering solution of direct current meter with automatic correction, which implements magnetic-optic-electronic methods of redundant measurements. Construction of fiber-optic direct current sensor with structural redundancy, which has wide functional capabilities, and is insensitive to thermal, electric and magnetic fields, is offered.
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Equipment for noncontact express-registration of the fattiness of milk is considered. Due to introduction of new elements and liaisons the proportional dependence between output voltage and index of fattiness of milk is provided. It allows to increase exactness and reliability of measuring.
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The paper contains the results of theoretical research of thermomagnetic gas analyzer based on «rotor» effect. It has been shown that applying corresponding design implementation and «rotor» effect, the devices with absolute linear static characteristics, non-sensitive to changes in gas temperature, pressure, supply voltage and magnetic field can be realized. Such gas analyzers are characterized by high accuracy and this principle can be used for elaboration of sample devices
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Estimation of human acupuncture activity the a basis of measurming information received with the help of information-measuring system is carried out. It is shown, that taking into account real features of parameters change of acupuncture points allows to carried out more adequate diagnosis of state of health of the human being.
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Present state of liquid level measurement in oil wells by acoustic method is reviewed. Problems of acoustic velocity account in casing annulus of oil well and creation of echo ranging system using complex waveforms are considered. The method using determined complex waveform of controlled parameters that enables to separate collars responses and to determine more accurately acoustic velocity distribution along the well is proposed.
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The skeleton diagram of high frequency hygrometer is designed, which is based on two-frequency method, which is invariant to unstable density of investigated material in a sensitive element. The description of features of application in hygrometer of the microcontroller AT90S4433 is given
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The paper contains the results of experimental research of atomic-absorbtion spectrophotometre with Massman atomiser and capillary atomiser. The advantages of spectrophotometre with capillary atomiser are shown in this paper. When this atomiser is used cassual mistakes of measurement, unselective spectral mistakes are decreased and it leads to increaseg of accuracy and sensitivity of the device. Calibration characteristics can be linear and can be calculated theoretically or be marked by one registration point theoretically.
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The actuality of the problem is substantiated. Radio – frequency methods intended for measurement of – porous substances are described. These methods apply new information parameters invariant regarding main destabilizing factors. Special attention is paid to measurement of bound moisture in capillary-porous substances.
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The article deals with the development of theory of control systems of optimization of digital telecommunication networks based on using some reliability criteria as goal functions. The main feature of control system is contact with digital network through signalization network SS7. The reliability models of main variants of systems and mathematical formulas for computation of reliability criteria were obtained. The algorithm of optimization of control systems of digital telecommunication network was suggested.
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The analysis of results of experimental researches of diagnostic-medical systems parameters changes is carried out for definition of activity of àccupuncture points as integrated parameter of functional — power condition of biological system.
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In work the gradient algorithm of optimal choice the multiplicity of control-retrofit procedures in technological process is offered in case, when the diverse of defects types are taking into account. The offered algorithm functions well, when admissible probability threshold for diverse types of defect is approximately equal. For tasks, in which these probabilities for diverse defects types differ greatly, the offered algorithm sometimes fails.
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The system of measurement and registration of signals of biologically — active points for acupuncture therapies is synthesized on the basis of definition of real characteristics of signals of such points. It is shown, that this system allows to expand functionalities of existing systems of diagnostics in the area of acupuncture therapies.
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The method of the optimum autoregressive model order determination is considered basing on the structure of inverse correlation matrix. The comparative analysis of the method by singular value decomposition was carried cut. The method was studied using an example of spectral power density estimation of the test sequence.
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Measuring channel of frequency with normalized metrological characteristics, adaptive to speed of change of informative parameter with normalized error during transitive acyclic process is presented in the article.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
Paper is dedicated to the investigation of rectangular plate oscillations (model of elastic compactors) and to the investigation of interaction between oscillation plate and spring base. Mathematical model of vibration of elastic compactor, and the solution of non-linear differential equation, are suggested.
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The paper contains the evaluation of the accuracy of tense — deformed state determination of the basis under stamp using the method of limiting elements
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Comparative analysis of models calculation of flexible adaptive loading, which is used in vibration compacting of concrete mixture, has been carried out in the paper
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The results of chemical activation influence of fly ash on physical and mechanical properties, microstructure and phase contents of newly formed ashcement compositions are presented.
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The article is dedicated to solving the task of defining the optimal option of one-layer cylinder rod surface under condition of providing the general stability of the construction and considering the analysis of corroborant elements influence on the surface work. With the help of software «Mirage» for the systems without corroboration, with webs and with horizontal gerders the values of deflicted mode of the surface within the scale of modifying the values of geometric parameters are received. According to the results of the conducted research it is determined that the surface option with webs is optimal and it is characterized by a minimal mass per 1 m2 of a space construction, a rational ratio of geometric parameters and exceeding the critical loading over the exploitation one.
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The technology of industrial wastes recycling by producing building materials is offered. With the help of experiment planning the composition of press-structure is designed, physical mechanical properties of slimashcarbonate press concrete are investigated.
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APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH
The main blocks and design principles of the experimental setup for the implementation of the new and existing AC drive control strategies are considered. The compact variant of the setup configuration is proposed to remove some drawbacks connected with all kinds of system failures. The known control algorithms of the induction cage motor drive are implemented using the application software.
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ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
The procedure of synthesis of distributed effluent treatment systems is proposed. It is developed on the basis of the conceptual methods and nonlinear programming with mathematical models of treatment processes and allows to calculate new and retrofit existing wastewater treatment systems. Superstructure of wastewater treatment network is described by stream split coefficients. It is shown, that decentralized treatment systems possess a number of advantages as comparison with existing treatment networks of industrial plants.
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The method of rationalization of personal structure is worked out in order to enterprise contestability improvement. New way to rationalization of personal structure differs from known ones by based on the model of personal structure and other factors influencing on contestability. It counts expenditures and risks of rationalization.
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The existent methods of ecology economic design are considered. For the investment process control of building a computer-integrated ecology economic case frame is offered on the base of fuzzy set theories. This model allows on the stage of feasibility study of development of investment project of building to make optimum organization technology decisions to obtain ecological, economic and social effects in building.
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The article deals with theoretical and practical aspects of asset pricing. Different technical and fundamental factors’ impact on the regarded stock assets’ price dynamics is analyzed and estimated. Basing upon regressive analysis a multivariable model for forecasting the stock assets’ pricing dynamics is suggested. The model allows determining investing expedience from the initial parameters’ statistical and expert values.
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Legal and information equality of producer and consumer is offered. It is necessary to design consumer local systems for the protection of his financial interests. The consumer system must calculate the payment for each municipal service separately depending on its quantity in each apartment and thus to check the bills of producer.
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The article considers some problems related to using sanation mechanisms in Ukraine. The barriers of realization of non-judicial and judicial sanation procedures are revealed. The author suggests some legislative changes and practical recommendations for improvement and intensification process of solvency renewal at the domestic enterprises.
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The task of identification of regression mathematical model for recalculation of the long-term observed data of discharges and water levels of the river Southern Boog of hydropost «Sabariv» on hydropost «Selyshe» which has arisen after liquidation of hydropost «Sabariv» is considered. After unsuccessful attempt of identification of dependence between the data of these two river stations which were observed simultaneously, the assumption of influence of discharges water of Sabariv hydroelectric power station (HPS) has been stated. The mathematical model of hydrological processes on hydropost «Selyshe» which takes into account influence of both Sabariv HPS, and hydropost «Sabariv» is identified multipleparameter nonlinear regression. The new model will enable to expand a number of observed data of hydropost «Selyshe» by the data of hydropost «Sabariv» that will give considerable ecological and economic benefit.
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The paper considers integration processes taking place between manufacturers, dairy plants and sellers, the drawbacks of the process, due to problems of price formation are revealed.
The paper contains recommendations aimed at improvement of existing infrastructure of milk collection all the participants of integrated system must obtain profit must be shared according to the volume of their activity.
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Nine-feature classification of product brands is proposed in the paper. The classification allows to describe detail profile of the creating brand. The fuzzy model of brand competitiveness index is proposed. The discussed advantages and disadvantages of brand subtypes allow to reduce mistakes on stage of brand profile creation.
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The task of identification of main parameters (passport characteristics) of small rivers is considered on the basis of the theory of fuzzy sets being necessary for carrying out of mathematical modelling of processes in the rivers. Two new methods are offered: the method «one object — one expert », and the method of synchronization of intervals of values when each expert carries out estimation on his interval of values. Algorithms of elimination of subjectivity of experts and taking into account of their speciality and experience are developed. Results of approbation of method of synchronization of intervals of values for expert estimation of parameters of the small rivers of Vinnytsia region are presented.
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The algorithm and software support has been developed with the object of automation of methods of the Doctors of Science and professors activities effectiveness determination. The methods of organization of additional couplings between the data charts has been designed for the optimization of processes of the samplings creation, of the grouping and the analyzing of data from the data bank using the object-oriented analysis.
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The analysis of all elements which described financial condition of enterprise is proposed. The methods and tasks of the analysis are considered. The basic concepts of each elements are determined. The set of parameters for their estimation and building of DSS is offered.
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Paper presents the new approach to the synthesis of the generalized one-dimensional model of the self-purification and dilution processes of the river pollutants inflowed with sewage. The mathematical model for the calculation of indices range changing of river water quality, i.e. the mathematical model allows to determine both minimum and maximum values of the given index of river water quality in each river station has been developed. The mathematical model is applicable to small and middle rivers, in the first approximation the one-dimensional mathematical models of the dilution and admixing processes of sewage with river water can be applied.
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The structural model of ecological-economic monitoring of thermal isulation materials for multifactorial analysis of their parameters using expert-linguistics information is suggested. Using the results of modeling of dependency of ecologic-economic feasibility of material according to directions, which characterize thermal physical, economic and linguistic variables, the system of fuzzy logic equations has been obtained. The given equations, after determination of function of
input knowledge identity and by means of its dephasification, will allow to determine the expediency of the given material for buildings thermorenovation.
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Fuzzy mathematical models have been adapted to conditions of evaluation of various forms of educational and methodical activity performed by scientific and pedagogical staff of the university. Criteria have been determined, the technique has been developed aimed at evolution of various forms of educational and methodic activity of the staff, which can be applied in the process of realization of distant education technology.
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A fuzzy model of brand competitiveness index is proposed. The model takes into account 10 factors via 52 expert rules from 4 fuzzy knowledge bases. The article also consists of a problem statement of parametric identification the fuzzy model on base of experimental data set, as well as requirements to the training set.
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The possibility of development and application of common rating factors of enterprises' creditability — borrowers with banking institutions has been studied. The evaluation model of enterprises' creditability using the economic and mathematical calculations has been developed.
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The analysis of the activity of join stock company «Vinnytsia dairy plant», which was on the edge of bankruptcy in 1998, was carried out after privatization the activity of Vinnytsia dairy plant can't be considered efficient, since use result of increase of prices for raw materials prime cost of production also increases, that leads to unprofitableness of the plant. Sales volume does not increase. The reasons are the following technical problems due to assortment changes, high wages, that don't coincide with the rate of labaur productivity, requirements of state bodies, desire to retain its share of the market.
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The given paper contains the results of survey of the market of information systems of enterprise resources management; the study and description of their possibilities and specific featurs is carried out.
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ENERGY GENERATION AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Conditions under which conventional, fuzzy and poor sets represent means of modeling of known and undetermined parameters of electrical networks are investigated. Theoretical models of such parameters at different levels of determinacy using conventional, fuzzy and poor sets are offered.
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The necessity of creation of the system for estimation of the state of hauling engines collectors of streetcar is proved. Mathematical model for estimation of the state of hauling engine collector of streetcar, suitable for the synthesis of diagnosing system of the state of hauling engine collector of streetcar, is developed.
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Within the framework of creation of models of multicriterion estimation of determination and forecast of the electric loading of mining enterprises by small selections simultaneous use of a number of criteria of mathematical statistics is realized. Thus, criteria are based on different principles of supervision, that enables to estimate a small selection from different positions. Module approaches are based on software and hardware principles.
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The conditions and appropriate parameters of the system «thyristor voltage controller — asynchronous generator» are obtained for process of loading tests of drive units of scraper conveyors.
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The errors of measurement of four-element two-terminals parameters in a scalar mode of an equilibration with application of phase quasi-equilibrium criteria are analysed. The opportunity for their essential reduction is shown.
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The problem of power transit losses control in electric power systems is considered. Transit and mutual power flows losses determination and control tasks are resulted. New approach in forming of transit power losses optimum control laws is offered.
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Formulae for economic equivalents of reactive power calculation and basic directions of their application are suggested in the paper.
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Ways and directions of the information supply problem's decision for management of losses of the electric power in distributive networks 10 kV with the help of ASCMA, and the analysis of authenticity of the results of this calculations are considered. Method of authenticity evaluation of the results of calculations of electric power losses, based on evalution of intervals of their uncertainty is presented, and factor of efficiency operation of ASCMA, that may be used as a criterion of quality at optimization of telemetric equipment distributio is suggested.
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The quantitative ratio for definition of losses of electrical energy in power lines are analysed under nonsymmetrical voltages and loads and nonsinusoidal linear and nonlinear loads condition.
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The paper contains the results of research regarding the influence of asymmetry of isolation parameters of 6—10 kV overhead transmission lines relatively the ground to meet the requirements of isolation serviceability. It has been shown that besides serviceability conditions, based on electric safety reqiurements for determination of isolation state we can apply serviceability, based on determination of power losses in isolation due to leakage currents. The results of investigation are given for two cases of environment condition — wet weather and dry weather. It was also shown, that for dry weather conditions both requirements of serviceability are equivalent, and can be applied simultaneausly for definition of technical state of network insulation. Nonexpediency of application of serviceability conditions, based on determination of power losses in insulation due to leakage current in case of wet weather is proved, as these conditions meet considerably lower requirements regarding technical state of insulation and are not viable to meet electric safety requirements.
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The paper suggests a mathematical model for investigation of magnetising current surges at connection of power transformator to the network. It is shown, that calculative types of MCS can be exactly defined by using the parameters of the system and saturative transformer. This mathematical model allows to compare tuning out of different relay from MCS and calculate parameters of operation of protection according to the parameters of the system and transformer or characteristics of one-phase MCS. Program to calculate current in the phases of transformer was elaborated. This program allows to automate the process of transformer operation study at MCS and increase exactness operation and sensitivity of deferential protection of large power.
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The problem of voltage nonsymmetry of on-line control of condenser banks in load mode of electrical distributing system was mathematically presented. The need of taking into account of aftereffects at such control on commutations effectiveness preliminary estimate phase was proved. The developed algorithm of mathematical model analysis ensures optimal solution and calculation of aftereffects in necessary volume. The efficiency of algorithms is demonstrated on test example.
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Using earlier created methods the tram (KT4SU) electric drive equivalent loading static moment and equivalent moment of inertia adduced to relative axis rotated with the angular velocity of the tram electric motors (TE022) was determined.
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Ways and directions of the information supply problem's decision making for losses of electric power determation in distributive networks using telemetric devieces, as a component of the automated system of power consumption monitoring and accounting (ASCMA) are considered. It is shown, that inclusion of electric power technological losses definition problem in ASCMA provides new opportunities of their analysis and structurization, and also gives the solution of some actual operational problems.
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Mathematical model of on- line control of discrete powers of capacitor units is developed, it enables their efficient application in electric networks of industrial enterprises. The analysis of the model is carried out using principles of dynamic programming that improves the account of control.
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The offered method of the simplified distribution of total power of capacity bank, which meets the requirement of creation of preconditions for the solution of operational problem - optimum control of compensatory installations by criterion of minimum losses on stages of design.
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Parameters which influence movement of biphase streams in pipes is considered. Mathematical model of drainage system which is constructed on the basis equations of energy conservation and continuity of stream in view of geometrical features of system, structure of biphase stream, sliding of phases, compressibility of a stream and dissipation of energy is developed.
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The paper contains the description of method and system of control and accounting of excavators energy consumption as well as categories of rock ranging by difficulty of their excavation, taking into account the influence on energy consumption the operation of rock excavation, quality of rock. The paper contains substantiation of possibility of creation of the device intendended for control of energy consumption and technological features of rock, by the criterion of complete energy consumption cycle.
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The results of mathematical and physical heat emission from heating surface to organic matter have been presented. The technique of heat exchange factors to multicomponent organic mixtures in order to identify mathematical model of heat exchange and hydrodynamics in the subsystem of thermostabilisation of organic wastes bioconversion was suggested.
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Primary goals and problems that arise in industrial reactors without automated control are considered.
Principle control circuit of temperature pressures is suggested. Economic benefits due to introduction of the system are calculated.
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Principles and the algorithm of optimal control realizing drying chamber heat-mass exchange process of the vibration dryer, constructed on the basis of a vertical vibration conveyor, are offered. The energy expenses analysis is the underlay as a basis of the drying system optimization, namely: total energy expenses for drying loose material, to heat a drying agent - hot air; and also to heat loose material and to reduce its humidity. Effective conditions of drying are chosen, recommendations concerning adjustment levels of the system are given.
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The experience of design and retrofit design of industrial water consumption using software and algorithms developed by the authors is presented in the paper. Features of structural optimization of water consumption schemes in various branches of industry as well as the approach to experimental and statistical identification of water consumption models were shown and illustrated by examples.
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The analysis of hydrodynamic and heat transfer features of local irregular gas-liquid medium is carried out. Close definition of estimate methods of experimental results are executed. Calculation dependences for determination of heat transfer factors from wall to local irregular gas-liquid medium are suggested.
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The results of comparative calculations of gas turbine thermal power plants and heating boiler rooms of equal thermal power are stated. Expediency of application of such thermal power plants is revealed.
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Requirements regarding mathematical modeling that take into consideration the design and operation of capacitor installations, systems of selection of variants of their influence on controlled objected have been formulated. Synthesized mathematical model intended for control of capacitor installations on-line control embraces all possible situations, where the decissions are to be taken, it provides minimal number of commutations in control device, the solution is found performing minimal volume of arithmetic operations.
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Mathematical model of three-phase half-wave rectifier directed on implicit methods is submitted and method for transient and steady-state analysis of it operational modes is suggested.
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The approach for definition of economic efficiency of measures on energy-saving, based on distribution of reduction of the charges between the consumers is offered, it allows to carry out effective stimulation of the consumers, which introduce measures on energy-saving.
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One of the method of electric energy saving by tram KT 4SU is offered: disconnection of ventilation system(motor-ventilator) of traction electric motor of the first fruck. It is proved that in this case the overheating of motors will not take place. The recommendations regarding the realization of such operation mode of electric drive are given.
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The paper suggests a mathematical model for investigation of magnetising current surge (RMC) on connection of the power transformer to the network. It is shown, that calculative types of RMC can be exactly defined using the parameters of the system and saturative transformator. This mathematical model allows to compare tuning out of different relay from RMC and calculate parameters of protection operation according to the parameters of the system and transformer or characteristics of one-phase RMC.
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The paper considers the actual problem dealing with determination of power losses and electric
energy due to transit overflows. The paper presents the method of calculation of separate components of power losses in the branches of electric network, caused by power in the nodes. The method is based on application of algorithms and programs intended for calculation of stable modes of electric networks and can be applied for determination of losses caused by transit overflows of power.
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The paper describes the algorithm and software realization of electric energy system model for computer-based dispatcher control. The given model allows to improve the efficiency of on-line- dispetcher control system operation. Besides, due to optimization of operation modes and taking into consideration the sensitivity to losses decrease, it becomes possible to reduce level of active
power losses in electric energy system.
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The paper presents the solution of the first question of the problem dealing with the elaboration of the software intended for the design of electric transport schedule. The generalized model of electric transport traffic based on the suggested principle of its schedule has been developed. Using the obtained results, the algorithm of functioning of the software intended for elaboration of traffic schedule has been developed.
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The results of comparative calculations of gas – steam plants on base industrial boiler– houses and gas-turbines plants are presented. The dependencies between basic operating indices with injection of steam in gas path of the turbine are determined. Quantitative values of energy efficiency of such plants are given.
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The paper considers methods of electric losses determination and maximum voltage fluctuation
in 0,38kV distribution networks, applying various sources of initial information. Determination of technological losses in distribution networks by means of computer-based system of energy consumption accounting provides new possibilities for their analysis, structuring and solution of problems dealing with networks maintenance.
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It is suggested to use entropy as a measure of estimation of the diagnostic control system efficiency. The analytical dependence for determination of the object for diagnosis at any moment of time and effectiveness of the diagnostic control system is determined.
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It was determined that the representation of the magnetization curve model by the set of parabola and straight line allows to obtain highest accuracy of the series excitation direct-current motor universal magnetization curve approximation in comparison with the representation of this magnetization curve by the mathematical models based on hyperbolic tangent approximation and area-sine approximation of the magnetization curve. It has been shown that the mathematical models based on hyperbolic tangent approximation and area-sine approximation of the magnetization curve are unsuitable for being used in the task of minimizing of the series excitation direct-current motor electric losses.
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The paper considered models of compatible multiparametric estimation of determination and forecast of electric loadings of mining enterprises. These models are based on module approach using computer-based information technologies. Module approach are based on software and hardware principles.
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The investigations of drying pressed using mathematical model have been carried out, as a result, the changes of process parameters in time and influence of heat emission and drying factors on these parameters were determined.
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The mistakes of balancing of electrical consumers loadings in conditions of nonsine are analysed. It is shown, that using the developed measuring systems in conditions of nonsine factor of inverse sequence by current practically does not exceed 0,5 % in case if the supply voltage contains, besides for the basic harmonic, fifth and seventh harmonics making accordingly 10 % and 7 %.
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It was studied that the representation of the magnetization curve model by the assemblage of parabola and straight line allows three times higher accuracy of the series excitation direct-current motor universal magnetization curve approximation, then the representation of this magnetization curve by the mathematical model based on arctangent approximation of the magnetization curve. It was shown that the second mathematical model, as distinct from the first mathematical model, unsuitable for being used in the task of minimizing of the series excitation direct-current motor electric losses.
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The forecasting effectiveness of electrical using the theory of images identification is evaluated. The examples of numerical accounts of forecasting of average loadings are given on the basis of the statistical approaches and theory of images identification.
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Mathematical models for the identification of the optimal laws of electric motors voltage variation of the tram electric drives under the invariable loading, have been created.
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Mathematical model for definition of residual resource of the power transformer using methods of the theory of indistinct sets at construction of neuro-indistinct network which is used for determination of model parameters.
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The efficiency of application of gas-steam plants of double cycle with low efficiency gas turbine drives on compressor station is determined on the basis of multiple numerical calculations. The results of quantitative estimation of thermal efficiency of such installations are suggested.
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Various designs of heat exchangers in the system of bioconversion have been considered. the optimal version of heat exchanger has been determined. The characteristics of the device for climatic conditions of Ukraine are investigated.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPUTER SCIENCES
Within the framework of fixed values theory and categoriñal deduction the construction of syntactic category in which the values of predicates is obviously set is performed and construction of functor interpretation, that displays the obtained syntactic and semantic indexed category, that is an universum of all possible states (values of global variable or current corteges of free variables), which can be initiated by implementation of modification predicate query are provided. For every possible state, the proper layer of indexed category represents the set of deductions. The obtained model of modification predicate query are considered, as one of its independent semantics, which are being interpreted as classes of arrows.
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Mathematical models of firing process are analyzed. Mathematical model for determination of the optimal brick temperature condition have been created.
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Method of fuzzy logical conclusion which allows to take into account high-quality information in the process of diagnosties of computer tools is presented. The model of knowledge representation in the knowledge base of fuzzy expert system of diagnosties is offered. Classification of diagnostic signs by the level of their visual display is developed.
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The selection of coefficient of pair «structure-algorithm» co-ordination as criterion for the algorithm efficiency of the data array multisummation is grounded. The features of parallel multiprocessing algorithms , namely, algorithms of the logarithmic, recurrent summation and with using difference cuts are analysed.
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The paper considers models and methods of realization of computer-based corporate interactive system test control. Along with objective evaluation of students knowledge, the possibility of expert
system evaluation is provided, the system is based on application of fuzzy sets and consideration of subjective components of evaluation. While estimation of users actions the time needed for execution of each elementary operation is determined. The basic subject of research is perspective educational technologies, based on principles of group interaction.
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Offered a) new raising of variation task of optimum development of the production system taking into account the use of external resources — without the increase of number of variables of management, b) method of aggregating of functions of development of elements in the optimum function of development of the production system. It enables to take the tasks of high dimension to single dimension. The developed programs of optimization and modeling of development processes allow building the system for technological prognostication in innovations.
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The categorical model for modification predicate inquiries is offered on the basis of denotation semantics within the framework of fixed values theory and exploration of its properties is done through introduction of categorical deduction notion and its calculable answers. As a result the construction of indexed category, as an universum of all possible states of knowledgebase, to which can bring implementation of modification predicate query is done. For every state, the proper layer represents the set of deductions which can be executed, and functor interpretations, that are displaying the got syntactic and semantic categories through the use of modification unificators and reduction pairs of arrows.
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The paper considers fuzzy models of algorithmic structures reliability for
multidimensional concept of errors accounting. The novel of the suggested work is that unlike fuzzy theory of reliability, these models allow to take into consideration various types of errors of algorithm performance, and unlike matrix models of algorithmis structures of reliability they provide the account of fuzzy initial information regarding the reliability of operands and logic conditions.
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The paper suggests the model intended for forecasting of energy centres of spot images of laser beams using Calman filters. The given model allowed to improve the accuracy of energy centers of
spot image of laser beams coordinates up to 1...2 pixels
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We propose the improvement on a genetic algorithm used for the optimal choice of checking – retrofit procedures, which under the minimal cost provides the necessary zero-defects levels for every types of defects. The improvement allows the genetic algorithm to find out the optimal solutions very quickly. The speed of the genetic algorithm is achieved with the aid of a smart initialization, fast calculation of technological process reliability, and specific adaptive fitness function, and effective tournament selection scheme.
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The investigation of the relationship between the minimal analog-to-digital approximation step duration and analog-to-digital converter parameters was made. The generalized expression for minimal analog-to-digital approximation step duration calculation has been derived. This expression demonstrates the relationship between the minimal analog-to-digital approximation step duration and ADC number of bits, the base of number system, static bit errors.
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The review of models of such types of the data as integers, rationales and real numbers, which are used in the universal and specialized computers is performed. The systematic item representations based on sequences of integers and irrational numbers aresuggested.
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The features of influencing of descriptions of headlines packets in the optical networks SWANET on the information capacity taking into account linear and nonlinear optical effects in an optical fibre are considered. The spectral features of headlines of packets in SWANET are explored. The mechanismes of improvement of information capacity of SWANET and DWDM-networks are analysed at a data rate 40 Gbit/s.
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Basic descriptions of the existent optical switches of different architectures taking into account influence of blocking are analyzed. The comparative analysis of technologies of creation of optical switches is conducted and optoelectronic switches for modern high-speed fiber-optical networks, their potential possibilities, limitations and features are investigated. The mathematical model of optical switch operation in different modes of load is presented. Structural realization of high-performance optoelectronic switch on SEED is offered.
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The spatial objects identification task is formalized in the terms of the pattern recognition theory. The base object identification method is given and its disadvantages are shown. The modified object identification method is presented, which doesn’t have many of the original method’s disadvantages and allows increasing the quantity of the automatically-identified objects.
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The problem of decision-making under risk conditions in control systems of technological process is considered in the paper. The existing models of decision-making under risk conditions have been studied. The mathematical model and algorithm of decision-making, based on logical-probabilistic models have been applied for process control of lime manufacturing.
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The analysis of basic medical technology of computer-based vertual systems intended for diagnosis of functional-energy system of human organism has been carried out. Optimal basic medical technologies for telemonitoring system have been determined.
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The analysis of efficiency of orthogonal sequences application for broadband modulation with calculation of autocorrelation and mutually-correlated functions is carried out.
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TRANSPORT
A new scheme and construction of control system of hydro-valve with electro-hydraulic adjusting is offered. Mathematical model is created and analysis of system operation in static and in dynamic modes by the software package ÌatLAB Simulink is executed. Optimization of control system is executed. Optimum correlations of values of structural parameters: m = 0,4 kg, b = 300, W2 = 0,15·10-3 ì3 are determined.
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In the article experimental data regarding allowable concentration of iron in copper are given.
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The safety-relief section, designed in VNTU, provides three-mode operation of the hydraulic system: bypass, regulation and overloading. The principal advantage of the developed section is the reduction of unproductive power losses in the hydraulic system. From the developed model of the hydraulic system the valve parameters influence on the transient process Time Òð on the overshooting ? of pressure valve have been determined. On the basis of the obtained relationships the authors give recommendations on the design parameters combination of the relief valve for LS hydraulic system.
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The paper describes basic principles of creation of thermodynamics model of copper- steel welding.
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The characteristics of rest friction in the couple gear shaft — slider bearing of hydromotor in different work conditions are determined. The influence of coating made by the method of electric-spark doping on slider bearing was studied. The design was proposed and the experimental assembly, was manufactured.
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A process of accumulation of deformations in blank in case of the cross-wedge rolling and influence of instrument geometry on size of used resource of plasticity is considered in article.
It is determined, that most dangerous, from the point of view of destruction, is axial area of rolled blank and upper part of surface of wedge contact and blank
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The process of piece extrusion of copper powder ÏÌÑ-1 is investigated. It is determined that while direct extrusion non-monotonous loading takes place. The technique of evaluation of used resource of porous bodies plasticity at non-monotonous deformation is suggested.
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RADIOELECTRONICS AND RADIOELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
One of pressing questions at increase of speed of communication systems is the analysis and measurement of the transient process in circuits at jump of frequency which now is widely used as a data carrier. Influence of change of frequency of an entrance signal concerning resonant frequency on amplitude, a phase and frequency of an output signal is analyzed. Transformations of a signal are considered at jump of frequency of entrance fluctuation at constant amplitude depending on parameter of tuning.
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In work the analysis fast acting of radiopulse triggers which is based on inductive transistor negatrons is shown. Clock frequency for operation of such triggers it is necessary to choose 2-3 times smaller than own frequency. Dependence of width bistable zones on a operating voltage is investigated.
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One of leading directions of telecommunication technology development is information security and forming of computer telephony services and problems with the increased security. The methodology allows to reduce cost of information security and to increase its efficiency; Bardachenko identification key (BIK) lays in a basis of this methodology. In this work the developed algorithms of coding the information based on BIK with use of timing methods is considered. The developed algorithms have shown in practice efficiency of use timing methods of information coding that allows the subscriber of a computer telephony to protect the data from the non-authorized access and decoding of the audiodata.
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An approach to analysis of sync devices noise immunity, which allow to determinate physical limit of sync possibility under the influence of noise and to unify the analysis of stochastic and determinate disturbances influence, is proposed in this paper.
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This work considers the analysis of integrated nonlinearity of analog-digital converters applying discrete transformation Furier. The expressions for rating of an error are received at analog-digital transformation of signals.
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This article examines artificial neurons’ input and output signals coding with a pulse sequence frequency. The multiplication quick-action is estimated. The synaptic signals noise stability is analyzed. A neuron input and synaptic weight multiplier circuit diagram using bipolar transistors is proposed.
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Article provides the variant of classification of cryptographic algorithms block algorithm RC-5 is considered, its basic drawbacks are determined and ways of their elimination in the modified algorithm are shown, requirements regarding cryptographic algorithms are analyzed and original criteria of definition of their quality are offered.
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The paper suggests an approach for signal processing using wavelet transform based on the experimental dates by means of fuzzy logic systems with interval membership functions.
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The analysis of selective system of band oscillators of radioreception devices is proposed. Approaches of calculation of additional condensers of maintenance thermocompensation of band oscillators on varicaps are given. The received analytical parities can be used for calculation of basic band generators superheterodyne receivers.
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On the basis of physical processes of conversion of power in microelectronic transducers of a magnetic field the metrics of power efficiency are designed. As an optimum construction the bipolar construction with a active inductive element is recommended which provides an coefficient of efficiency — 75 %, sensitivity — (5—8)·103 Hz/mT, multiplicative error — 0,24 %, additive — 0,13 %. A generalized index of technological level of designed magnetic transducers is 1,68 times better in comparison with existing devices.
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The recommendations for invention of methods of time–limited signals processing and optimal structures of multicannel measuring instruments of time parameters of these signals are offered. The algorithm of signals processing in order to avoid the nonstationary time error is considerated and the device that executes this algorithm is offered.
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The article considers the possibility to construct the microwave oscillator on transistor structure with negative resistance on the basis of two HEÌÒ. A proposed linear equivalent circuit and obtained equations can be used to model microwave oscillator parameters and characteristics with an error not more than 10 %.
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The mathematical model of combined optonegatron on the bipolar phototransistor base is offered, the research of influence of intensity of optical radiation on the basic impedance characteristics of combined optonegatrons in the range of frequencies where they are potential - unstable is carried out.
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A new method of measurement of non-standard system of two-port S-parameters is offered. Experimental verification results of the suggested method are shown. The methodical deviations evaluation results of measurement of each S-parameters are discussed. The offered method has less number of operations in comparison with classic methods and it can be used over the whole microwave frequency range.
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The piezoelectric transducers of mechanical quantities with the piezoelements in the circuits of rejector filters and filters of low and high frequencies are described in the article. The transmission function and gain-frequency characteristic of such transducers are obtained.
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Theoretical evaluation of light-emitting devices application as optonegatronic elements is carried out. The classification of optonegatronic is elaborated. Factors, influencing the origin of negative differential resistance in light-emitting devices are determined.
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In the article the piezoceramic transducers with two chains of spatial electromechanical negative feed-back are presented. The flow diagram and transmission function of such transducers are described.
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In article the mathematical model of frequency transducer of gas concentration is designed. The construction of transducer consists of two bipolar transistors, active inductance and gaseous sensing device. On the basis of model analytical expression for function of conversion and sensitivity are obtained. The carried out theoretical and experimental research have shown, that their divergence makes ±5 %, thus the sensitivity makes 1,5 kHz/ppm.
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Article is devoted to the 20-anniversary of scientific direction in the section of electronics — «Negatronic». The general theory of negatronic is formalized due to introduction of concepts negative resistance, capacities and inductance, definition of connections of cause and effect and role of the positive and negative feedback underlying operation of negatron without dependence on its physical basis. It allows to expand search and open new kinds of negatrons, areas of their application, the formulation and creation of new ways of negatronic, including, those that are beyond the sphere of electronics. For example: «Economic Negatronic «, «Bionegatronic», etc.
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The block diagrams of «AND», «OR» fuzzy neurons for hybrid neural networks are presented. Block elements are balanced modulators, low-pass and high-pass filters, power divisors and adders. The «AND» fuzzy neuron performs a combination of input signals. The «OR» fuzzy neuron performs a combination of input signals. All the information signals are pulse-frequency ones.
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New method of measurement of non-standard system of two-port S-parameters which has less number of operations in comparison to classic means and can be used over the whole microwave frequency range is offered. The results of experimental verification of the given method are given.
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Block diagrams of pulse-frequency elements for digital fuzzy controllers are developed. The elements are the max-operator and the min-operator.
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STRATEGY, CONTENT AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF TRANING SPECIALISTS AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The algorithm of distance business game for «Engineering and computer drawing» has been designed. The game is created on the basis of the eLearning Server 3000 distance learning system.
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The procedure of the evaluation of correspondence level of school estimations and knowledge of high school seniors, based on the analysis of the results of entrance examinations. In accordance with this procedure the analysis for schools of Vinnytsia and district centers of Vinnytsia region for 2001 — 2004 years has been carried out.
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An attempt has been made to research the genesis of the nation “spirituality” in the pedagogies at the end of XIX – beginning of XX century. The views of the famous national pedagogies on the questions of spiritual existancy and content of investigated historical period have been examined. The attention is focused on the acceleration of transformation theory and practice of Ukrainian population, primarily on the improvement of «national component» of development and topicality of spirituality.
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Problem of training scientists is of paramount importance for economic development of Ukraine. But intellectual potention of scientists can be realized in case of gender parity in science. To examine the problem, the relation of men and women, who got the degree of Candidate of Science and Doctor of science during last six years has been analyzed. Gender inequality was revealed. Further directions aimed at investigation of the given problem are determined.
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Important transformations of social-economic life caused actualization of gender problem, gender expectations of student's youth being the part of this problem. Their consideration allows to substantiate the necessity to introduce in the curricula of humanities, the subjects aimed at training of young specialists not only for their professional activity but also to life in general.
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The problem of actual labour efficiency management has been researched. This article deals with theoretical and practical aspects of working out modern programs and introducing innovation methods of labour security training using the modules of Labour Skills recommended by MLS.
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The aim of the article is to show how to realize communication by different forms of organizing the learning process and the ways of upbrining students by means of distance education.
Our research shows that if communication is directed not only to the control of students’ knowledge and skills but also to the diagnostics of their activity, then it provides differentiated approach, captivates a student with a thought about his prospect, stimulates to working on his own with the purpose of improving his professional abilities. Information of an up-bringing nature under a separate rubric, the workedout tutor’s exercise-book are a pearl of communications that is described in the article.
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The paper considers the problem of possible mistakes while enrolling students to the institutions for higher education. The algorithm of the program of students’ admission, has been presented.
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FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES
Model of plant development using integrated dynamic Glushkov model (on the example of sugar beet) is described in the paper. The task is set to identify characteristics of the model, the physical sense of these characteristics — parameters of efficiency of plant development, and also algorithm of its solution is given. The method of the least squares and one of methods of nonlinear programming is used.
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Mathematical models for design of balancing installations measuring systems applied in two approaches for voltage balancing in the node of consumer connection: usage of balancing installations units with phase control of balancing transformer.
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The electromagnetic theory of disintegration of nucleons is offered and on its basis the theory of fusion of light nuclei in hydrides with potential barrier reduced by electrons developed. It explains the principle of work of hydrodynamical thermal generators with mechanical activation of the fusion components and gives the opportunity for creation of new types of reactors for fusion of light and heavy nuclei.
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In paper we prove that permutable inverse semigroup without zero whose semilattice of idempotents has finite length, is a group.
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The correlative models of dependence among the characteristics of quality of phosphorous containing mineral fertilizers according to the technological parameters of their production are obtained. The optimal importance of correlation of chemical reagents and the temperature of process are calculated, which show, that within the frame of the existing normative instructions, there is an opportunity of stable receiving the ready — made product of high quality.
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The method of calculation of metal walls influence on the spectrum of magnetostatic types of magnetization precession of the gyromagnetic resonator has been suggested.
The analysis of the influence of metal walls on the amplitudes and resonance frequency of types of magnetization precession has been carried out.
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On a base of the thermal dependencies of relative integral intensivities for Cu and Cu-Sn solid solutions x-ray diffraction spectra in the range of 293...923 K coefficients of quasielastic force and unharmonical coefficients of 3-th and 4-th ranges for these materials were determined. Quantitive analysis of the character of interatomic interaction was carried out and elastic modulae tensor components Cijkl for the given materials were determined. Possible applications of obtained results for determination of industrial alloys mechanism of stability were illustrated.
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